While no conclusive evidence has been found between effects of alcohol consumption and TOF, maternal alcohol consumption has been seen in various patients with TOF.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a combination of four congenital (present at birth) heart defects that affect infants and children. The defects occur together and change the way blood flows …

The Philadelphia Adult Congenital Heart Center, a joint program of CHOP and Penn Medicine, meets the unique needs of adults who were born with heart defects like TOF.

When a newborn with significant cyanosis is first seen, they are often placed on supplemental oxygen. The increased oxygen improves the child's oxygen levels in cases of lung disease, …

In a child with tetralogy of Fallot, blood can travel across the hole (VSD) from the right pumping chamber (right ventricle) to the left pumping chamber (left ventricle) and out into the body …

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is a condition in which a baby has four abnormalities in their heart at birth. These issues make it hard for your baby’s heart to send enough oxygen to their entire …

Dec 5, 2025 · Modified Blalock-Taussig shunt connects the subclavian and pulmonary artery via a graft and is still used. In complex cases, such as TOF with pulmonary atresia and major …

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation (MALDI) uses a laser to absorb energy from a matrix to create ions with minimal fragmentation from large molecules. It can analyse biopolymers such …

TOF, short for Time of Flight, refers to the method of measuring distance by calculating the time light takes to travel a certain distance in a medium. Predominantly applied in optical TOF …

Apr 4, 2025 · Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (figure 1) accounts for approximately 7 to 10 percent of all cases of congenital heart disease (CHD) and is one of the most common cyanotic congenital …