A feature's orientation can also be represented by dip and dip direction, using the azimuth of the dip rather than the strike value. Linear features are similarly measured with trend and plunge, where …

Dip (dip): corresponds to the angle between the line of greatest slope of the plane and the horizontal. The value of the dip is between 0° (horizontal plane) and 90° (vertical plane).

Dip magnitude is defined as the angle between the steepest direction of a plane and a horizontal plane, where values range from 0 to 90. Dip azimuth is the direction (relative to north) that plane is dipping, …

Both strike and dip-direction are compass directions, measured with reference to north. They are most efficiently expressed as a three-digit number that varies between 000 ∘ and 360 ∘. This is “azimuth …

To record the dip of a plane all that is needed are two numbers; the angle of dip followed by the direction (or azimuth) of dip, e.g. 74/138 is a plane which dips 74° in the direction 138°.

If we measure the direction in which the plane slopes downhill, then we are measuring dip direction. The dip direction of the plane is the azimuth of the steepest line in the plane.

Although dip and dip direction are preferred, geologists usually measure strike and dip in the field because it is difficult to measure dip and dip direction without specialist equipment.

A third way to uniquely describe the orientation of a plane is with dip and dip direction (Fig. 14). The dip value is defined the same way as described earlier for strike and dip. The dip direction is …

Dip is defined as the between an horizontal plane and the discontinuity plane; dip direction is the azimuth (the clockwise angle with respect to the North) of the projection of the gradient...