In industrial engineering, digital twins—computer models of systems or processes—let scientists try out ideas before finalizing designs. In addition, on the factory floor, twins can model processes in ...

A platform approach to bioprocessing uses the same set of protocols and systems found during early phase development. Scientists then transfer the protocols, by either scaling-up or scaling-out, ...

The means for achieving therapeutic goals resides in the active pharmaceutical ingredient of the drug used, and therefore there must be a manufacturing process capable of producing this valuable ...

The challenges of vaccine development are not limited to identification of suitable antigens, adjuvants and delivery methods, but include regulatory, technical and manufacturing hurdles in translating ...

Whether drug discovery has benefited fully from combinatorial chemistry and high-throughput screening methods is open to debate. But high-throughput experimentation and parallel approaches for ...

The small business environment today is very dynamic and competitive, and new product development is a crucial process if you want to survive. For small enterprises to withstand competition from ...