Biological units such as proteins and peptides have the intrinsic ability to self-assemble into natural biological nanostructures such as DNA strands, proteins and amyloid fibers. These assemblies ...

Extremely thin films of material are used to make everything from potato chip bags to solar cells, and vapor deposition processes are the common techniques used to make thin layers. Vapor deposition ...

Sputtering is a well-known physical vapor deposition (PVD) method finding use in several product applications. While commercial sputter systems are designed for large scale production volume of proven ...

There are many ways to deposit a nanosized film, in what is termed ‘bottom-up’ deposition methods. Nanosized films can also be produced by top-down approaches—such as lithography or etching—where ...